Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the Management of Public Health: Evidence from Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Makurdi, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare delivery globally by improving diagnostic accuracy and patient treatment. As digital health innovations become more prevalent, understanding their specific impact within Nigerian medical institutions is essential for enhancing public health management.

Objectives: This study examined the impact of AI on public health management with  the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Makurdi, as a case study. Specifically, it investigated how AI influences patient diagnosis processes and treatment outcomes.

Methodology: The study was anchored on the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, focusing on a sample of 384 staff members at FMC, Makurdi, determined using the Cochran formula. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient.

Results: The findings revealed that AI significantly improves diagnostic processes by reducing clinical errors and supporting early disease detection. Furthermore, AI adoption was found to enhance patient treatment through real-time decision-making support and more efficient chronic disease management. Statistical analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between AI integration and improved healthcare delivery.

Conclusion: The study concluded that AI adoption positively impacts public healthcare delivery at FMC, Makurdi. It is recommended that the hospital management provide targeted staff training and secure adequate funding for AI infrastructure to optimise the utility of these technologies.